1. Ç°ÁúÀ̶õ? Ç°Áú°ü¸®¶õ?

    ¿ì¸®´Â Á¦Ç°À» ±¸¸ÅÇϰųª »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ Á¦ÀÏ ½Å°æÀ» ¾²´Â ºÎºÐÀº ¿ª½Ã Ç°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. ±â¾÷ÀÌ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ½ÃÀåÀÇ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º¿¡ ´ëóÇØ ³ª°¡´Âµ¥µµ Á¦ÀÏ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ Ç°Áú(Quality)ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é Ç°ÁúÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¸»Çϴ°¡?
    Ç°Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ Áø¼ú°ú Ç°Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ »ç·Ê¸¦ µé¾îº¸ÀÚ.

    (1) Ç°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç·Ê


    ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ º¸µíÀÌ Ç°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱⸦ ´Ü¼øÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀ» º¸´Â µ¥´Â ¿©·¯°¡ÁöÀÇ Ãø¸éÀÌ ÀÖ°í, Ç°Áú¿¡ °ü°èÇÏ´Â ÀÌÇØ ´ç»çÀÚ°¡ ´Ù¸£¸ç, Ç°ÁúÀÌ ÃæÁ·½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÒ ¿ä°Çµµ ¿©·¯ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ º¼¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Áï Ç°ÁúÀ» º¸´Â °üÁ¡À» ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù .

    (2) Ç°ÁúÀ» º¸´Â °üÁ¡

    Project #1.

    »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ Á¦Ç°(¿¹ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ)À̳ª Áñ°Ü ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½º(¿¹:»ß»ß) ¸¦ Çϳª ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© Ç°Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ »ç·Ê¸¦ ³ª¿­ÇÏ°í, ±× Ç°ÁúÀ» º¸´Â °üÁ¡À» ±â¼úÇØ º¸½Ã¿À.

    (3) Ç°Áú°ú Ç°Áú°ü¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ

    Ç°ÁúÀ̶õ Ư¡ÀûÀÌ°í º»ÁúÀûÀΠƯ¼º(property), ³»ÀçÀûÀΠƯÁú(essential nature), ¼ºÁú, ¿ë·®, ¿ªÇÒ µîÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Ç°ÁúÀº ¿ì¼ö¼ºÀÇ Á¤µµ, µî±Þ, ¿ì¿ù¼º(excellecncy or superiority)¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Ç°Áú°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¶æÀ» ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¾îÈַμ­ property, character, attribute µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ë¾î´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¾îÈÖÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ°í, Á¦Ç°°ú ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ±¹ÇÑÇؼ­ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¤Àǵǰí ÀÖ´Ù. (I) Quality is what the customer says. Quality is the satisfaction of needs and fitness to use, or conformance to requirements and specifications, which is judged by ultimately by the customers. Customers may be the final consumer, a merchant, a maintenance shop or a a down stream manufacturing operation process.
    (ii) P.B.Crosby(1979): "Quality is conformance to requirements or specifications."
    (iii) J.M. Juran(1974): "Quality is fitness for use."
    Juran emphasizes that requirements and specifications translate fitness for use into measurable quantities. quality does not necessarily mean high quality, quality means uniformity, consistency, and conformity to a standard or specification.
    (iv) ANSI/ASQC(1978): "Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or services that bear on its ability to satisfy given needs."
    (v) A.V. Feigenbaum(1988): Product and service quality is defined as :
    "The total composite product and service characteristics of marketing, engineering, manufature, andmaintenace through which the product and service in use will meet the expaectations of the customer." (Á¦Ç°°ú ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í°´ÀÇ »ç¿ë»óÀÇ ±â´ë¸¦ ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°´Â ¼³°è ¹× Á¦Á¶, À¯Áö º¸¼ö ¹× ¸¶ÄÉÆÃÀÇ ÃÑü ¿¹: reliability, serviceability, maintainability: ½Å·Ú¼º, À¯Áöº¸Á¸¼º, ¼­ºñ½º µî)

    (4) Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò¿Í Ç°Áú Ư¼º ?

    Á¦Ç°¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¼ÒºñÀÚ(»ç¿ëÀÚ) ´Â ¿©·¯°¡Áö ±â´ë¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù(expectations) . ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ë¸¦ »ý»êÀÚ°¡ ÆľÇÇÑ °ÍÀ» Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò(quality parameters)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼ÒµéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ¼³°è´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇöµÇ¸ç, Á¦Ç°ÀÇ lifecycle µ¿¾È Æò°¡µÈ´Ù.
    Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò(quality parameters)
    Ç°Áú Ư¼º(quality characteristics) Ç°ÁúÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ̶õ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò º°·Î Ç°ÁúÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ´Þ¼ºÇÏ¿´´Â Áö¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ±â¼úÇÏ´Â ¼ºÁúÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ Ä¡¼ö, ÀçÁú, ¼ºÁú, »ö»ó, Áú°¨, ¿ë·®, µîÀ¸·Î¼­ ¼öÄ¡È­ÇÏ¿© ±Ô°ÝÈ­ÇÏ°í Ç¥ÁØÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò´Â Ç°Áú Ư¼ºÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ ¼³°èÇÏ°í ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í, °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Åë°èÀû Ç°Áú °ü¸®¿¡¼­´Â Ç°ÁúÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ´Ù·é´Ù.
    1. ¹°¸®Àû Ä¡¼ö(dimension): ±æÀÌ, ¹«°Ô, ¿ë·®, ÀÎÀå°­µµ
    2. °¨°¢Àû Ư¼º: ¸À, ³¿»õ, »ö»ó
    3. Áö°¢Àû Áö¼ö: ½Å·Úµµ, À¯Áöº¸Á¸¼º, À¯¿ë¼º (reliability, maintaainability, serviceability, availability)
    4. ±â´ÉÀû Áö¼ö: È¿À²¼º, È¿°ú¼º, ¼º´É (efficiency, effectiveness, performance, input, output)

    Project #2

    ´ÙÀ½ Ç°Áú Ư¼ºÀº À§ÀÇ ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϴ°¡?
    1. ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ¿¬ºñ
    2. ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ¼Ó·Â
    3. Æó¼öó¸® ¼³ºñ°¡ ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Æó¼öÀÇ Á¾·ù
    4. ÇÁ·¹½º ±â°èÀÇ ºÐ´ç ÇÁ·¹½º Ƚ¼ö,
    5. ¿¤¸®º£ÀÌÅÍ °­Ã¶ ¿ÍÀ̾îÀÇ °­µµ,

    (5)Ç°ÁúÀÇ 4°¡Áö ¿ä¼Ò

    1. ¼³°èÇ°Áú(Quality of design)
    2. Á¦Á¶Ç°Áú(Quality of production)
    3. »ç¿ëÇ°Áú(Quality of sales, uses and services)
    4. ºÎ´ëÇ°Áú(Quality of residual effects)
    ¼³°èÇ°ÁúÀ̶õ ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© Á¦Ç°À¸·Î ¼³°èÇÏ°í, Á¦Ç° ±âȹ, Ç°Áú±âȹ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ °áÁ¤µÇ´Â Á¦Ç°ÀÇ µî±Þ°ú Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû Ç°ÁúÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼³°èÇ°Áú¿¡¼­ »ç¿ë¿¡ÀÇ ÀûÇÕ¼º(fitness for use)°¡ Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò·Î Æľǵǰí, ±×°ÍÀ» Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¿ä°ÇÀ̳ª ±Ô°ÝÀ¸·Î ÀüȯÇÏ¿© ¼³°èÇÏ°í ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ï´Ù. ¼³°è Ç°ÁúÀ» ³ôÀ̸é, Á¦Ç°ÀÇ µî±ÞÀº ¿Ã¶ó °¡°ÚÁö¸¸ Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Àüü °¡°ÝÀº »ó½ÂÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

    Á¦Á¶Ç°ÁúÀº ¼³°èÇ°Áú¿¡¼­ Á¤ÇØÁø ±Ô°Ý(specification)ÀÌ Á¦Á¶°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á¦Ç°¿¡ ÃæÁ·µÈ Á¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

    »ç¿ëÇ°ÁúÀº À¯Çü ¹«ÇüÀÇ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ Àü´Þ(delivery)µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

    ºÎ´ëÇ°ÁúÀº Á¦Ç°ÀÇ »ý»ê, »ç¿ë Æä±â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á÷Á¢, °£Á¢À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

    (5)Ç°Áú ºñ¿ë(quality costs)

    Ç°Áú¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀº Å©°Ô ¼¼°¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¹æºñ¿ë, Æò°¡ºñ¿ë, ½ÇÆкñ¿ë(³»Àû ½ÇÆкñ¿ë, ¿ÜÀû ½ÇÆкñ¿ë)
    ¿¹¹æºñ¿ë(preventive costs)Àº ¼³°èÇ°ÁúÀ» Á¦Á¶Ç°Áú¿¡ ±¸ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¦Á¶°úÁ¤ÀÇ Ãʱâ´Ü°è¿¡ ¼ö¹ÝµÇ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
    Æò°¡ºñ¿ë(appraisal costs)Àº »ý»ê Á¦Ç°ÀÌ Á¤ÇØÁø ±Ô°Ý°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Áö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÃøÁ¤, Æò°¡, °Ë»çÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
    ½ÇÆкñ¿ë(failure costs)Àº ³»ºÎ ½ÇÆкñ¿ë°ú ¿ÜºÎ ½ÇÆкñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ³»ºÎ ½ÇÆÐ ºñ¿ëÀº Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ÆǸŠÀÌÀü¿¡ ºÎÀûÇÕÇÑ Àç·á, ºÎÇ°, ±â°è°íÀåÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Ç°Áú ½ÇÆзΠÀÎÇÑ ÀçÀÛ¾÷, ¼ö¼±, Æó±â, ¼±º° µî¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÜºÎ ½ÇÆкñ¿ëÀº Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÃâÇÏÇÑ ÈÄ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Á¦Ç° º¸Áõ, ¹«»ó ¼ö¸®, ¹Ýȯ, Ã¥ÀÓ ¼ö¸® µî¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

    Project #3

    ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ (1) Ç°Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ »ç·Ê ÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ ±â¼úÀº À§ÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀÇ 4°¡Áö ¿ä¼Ò Áß ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ¹ÐÁ¢È÷ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î Àִ°¡? ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é Ç°Áúºñ¿ë Áß ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϴ°¡?

    ¿¹: À¯¸í ºê·£µå ƼÀÇ ¼Ò¸Å ±æÀÌ°¡ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥´Ù. (Á¦Á¶Ç°Áú, ¿ÜºÎ ½ÇÆÐ ºñ¿ë))

    ¼¼Å¹ÈÄ ¼Ò¸Å°¡ ÁÙ¾ú´Ù.( »ç¿ëÇ°Áú, Á¦Á¶ Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¿øÀÚÀç Ç°Áú, ¿ÜºÎ Ç°Áú ½ÇÆÐ ºñ¿ë)

  2. Ç°Áú°ü¸®¶õ?

    Ç°Áú°ü¸®¶õ Ç°ÁúÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» Á¤ÇØÁø ±Ô°Ý¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â È°µ¿À» ÇùÀÇ·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
    Feigenbaum ÀÌ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â Á¾ÇÕÀû Ç°Áú°ü¸®(Total Quality Control)À̶õ ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°µµ·Ï Á¦Ç°°ú ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ °¡Àå °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³°è ¹× °³¹ß(engineering) ÇÏ°í, Á¦Á¶, ÆǸŠ¹× ¼­ºñ½º ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Ç°ÁúÀÇ °³¹ß, º¸Á¸, °³¼±ÇÏ´Â ±â¾÷ÀÇ ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ¿¬´ë(integrating)ÇÏ´Â È¿°úÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
    W. E. Deming: "Åë°èÀû Ç°Áú°ü¸®¶õ ÃÖ°íÀÇ »ç¿ë°¡Ä¡¿Í ½ÃÀ强À» °¡Áø Á¦Ç°À» °¡Àå °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý»êÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ý»êÀÇ Àü´Ü°è¿¡¼­ Åë°èÀû µµ±¸¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ ¼ö´Ü ºÎ¹®" À̶ó°í Á¤ÀÇ

    Project # 4

    1. Crosby, Juran, Fegenbaum ÀÇ Ç°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀǸ¦ °¢°¢ Àû¾î¶ó.
    2. À§¿¡¼­ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ Ç°Áú°ú Ç°Áú°ü¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ±âÃÊ·Î Ç°ÁúÀ» ³ª¸§´ë·Î Á¤ÀÇÇØ º¸¶ó.
    3. Ç°ÁúÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â µ¥ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °³³ä°ú À» ³ª¿­ÇØ º¸¶ó.
    4. Ç°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °³³äÀ» ¼³¸íÇ϶ó. ÀûÇÕ¼º(conformity), requirements, specifications, fitness for use, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, economical(°æÁ¦Àû), characteristics(Ư¼º).
    5. Ç°ÁúÀ̶õ ÃÑüÀûÀÎ ¿ì¼ö¼º(excellency in total) À̶ó°í Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¼ö¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °³º° Ư¼ºÀ» Àû¾î¶ó.