Ç°ÁúÀ̶õ? Ç°Áú°ü¸®¶õ?
¿ì¸®´Â Á¦Ç°À» ±¸¸ÅÇϰųª »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ Á¦ÀÏ ½Å°æÀ» ¾²´Â ºÎºÐÀº ¿ª½Ã Ç°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. ±â¾÷ÀÌ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ½ÃÀåÀÇ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º¿¡ ´ëóÇØ ³ª°¡´Âµ¥µµ Á¦ÀÏ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ Ç°Áú(Quality)ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é Ç°ÁúÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¸»Çϴ°¡?
Ç°Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ Áø¼ú°ú Ç°Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ »ç·Ê¸¦ µé¾îº¸ÀÚ.
(1) Ç°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç·Ê
- À¯¸í ºê·£µå Ƽ¸¦ »ò´Âµ¥ ¾çÂÊ ¼Ò¸Å ±æÀÌ°¡ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ¼¼Å¹ÈÄ ±Ý¹æ ÁÙ¾ú´Ù.
- ºñµð¿À Ç÷¹À̸¦ »ò´Âµ¥ ÀÏÁÖÀϵµ ¾ÈµÇ¾î¼ Å×ÀÌÇÁ¸¦ »ïÅ°°í ³» ³õÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
- ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ Çìµå ¶óÀÌÆ®°¡ ÀÚÁÖ ³ª°¡´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÇÑ´Þ¿¡ Çѹø ²Ã·Î °¥¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
- ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ µðÀÚÀÎÀº ¸¶À½¿¡ µå´Â µ¥, ½Ç³»ÀÇ ¹é ¹Ì·¯(Èĸé°æ)ÀÇ À§Ä¡°¡ ³·¾Æ¼ Àü¹æÀÇ ½Ã¾ß¸¦ °¡¸°´Ù.
- ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ¿ÀÀÏ°ÔÀÌÁö°¡ °íÀåÀÌ ³ª¼ ¿¬·á°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ³²ÀºÁö ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
- ³ÃÀå°íÀÇ ¸ðÅÍ ¼ÒÀ½ÀÌ ½ÉÇÏ´Ù.
- Çü±¤µîÀ» 3-6°³¿ù¸¶´Ù °¥¾Æ¾ß Çϴµ¥ Æó±âÇϱⰡ ¿ëÀÌÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ´ëÇü ¹éÈÁ¡¿¡ ¸ÅÀå¿¡¼ Á¶¸íµîÀÌ ±ô¹Ú°Å·Á¼ °í°´µéÀÇ ´«¿¡ °Å½½¸°´Ù.
- °¡Á¤¿ë ¹«¼±ÀüȱâÀÇ ¹åÅ׸®°¡ ¼ÒÁøÇÏ¿© ¼ö¸®¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
- ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ Çѹø¾¿ CMOS ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ ³¯¶ó°¡´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ »õ·Î ¼¼ÆÃÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
- ¹°¿¡ Ÿ¸é Á©¸®°úÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Â ºÐ¸» °úÀÚ¸¦ H Á¦°ú¿¡¼ ½ÃÆÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 4 »ì Â¥¸® ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ±× °úÀÚ¸¦ ºÐ¸»·Î ±×³É ¸Ô´Ù°¡ ÇãÆļÓÀ¸·Î ÈíÀÔµÇ¾î¼ ÇãÆÄ ²Ê¸®¿¡¼ ºÐ¸»ÀÌ Á©¸® ÇüÅ·Π¹Ù²î¾î¼ Áú½ÄÇÏ¿© Á×¾ú´Ù.(1995³â ¸» »ç°Ç)
ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼ º¸µíÀÌ Ç°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱⸦ ´Ü¼øÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀ» º¸´Â µ¥´Â ¿©·¯°¡ÁöÀÇ Ãø¸éÀÌ ÀÖ°í, Ç°Áú¿¡ °ü°èÇÏ´Â ÀÌÇØ ´ç»çÀÚ°¡ ´Ù¸£¸ç, Ç°ÁúÀÌ ÃæÁ·½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÒ ¿ä°Çµµ ¿©·¯ Ãø¸é¿¡¼ º¼¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Áï Ç°ÁúÀ» º¸´Â °üÁ¡À» ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù .
(2) Ç°ÁúÀ» º¸´Â °üÁ¡
- Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¼º´ÉÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Á¦Á¶°úÁ¤ÀÇ °ü¸®Àû °üÁ¡ .
- Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ¼öÀͼº°ú ºñ¿ëÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °üÁ¡.
- Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ½ÃÀå È®º¸¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °üÁ¡.
- ¼ÒºñÀÚ°¡ »ç¿ë»ó ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ°¡ ÇÏ´Â »ç¿ë»óÀÇ °üÁ¡.
- ¿ÏÁ¦Ç° Á¶¸³¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎÇ°ÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Ä¡¼ö, ¼øµµ, °øÂ÷(tolerance) µîÀÇ ±Ô°Ý ÀûÇÕ¿¡ °üÇÑ °üÁ¡.
- ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ Á¶»çÇÏ¿© ¼³°èÇÏ°í Á¦Ç°ÈÇÏ´Â Á¦Ç° °³¹ßÀÇ ¼Ò¿ä±â°£¿¡ °üÇÑ °üÁ¡.
- Á¦Ç°ÀÇ »ç¿ë»ó ¼ö¸®, ȣȯ¼º µîÀÇ °üÁ¡.
Project #1.
»ç¿ëÁßÀÎ Á¦Ç°(¿¹ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ)À̳ª Áñ°Ü ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼ºñ½º(¿¹:»ß»ß) ¸¦ Çϳª ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© Ç°Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ »ç·Ê¸¦ ³ª¿ÇÏ°í, ±× Ç°ÁúÀ» º¸´Â °üÁ¡À» ±â¼úÇØ º¸½Ã¿À.
(3) Ç°Áú°ú Ç°Áú°ü¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ
Ç°ÁúÀ̶õ Ư¡ÀûÀÌ°í º»ÁúÀûÀΠƯ¼º(property), ³»ÀçÀûÀΠƯÁú(essential nature), ¼ºÁú, ¿ë·®, ¿ªÇÒ µîÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Ç°ÁúÀº ¿ì¼ö¼ºÀÇ Á¤µµ, µî±Þ, ¿ì¿ù¼º(excellecncy or superiority)¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Ç°Áú°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¶æÀ» ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¾îÈַμ property, character, attribute µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ë¾î´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¾îÈÖÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ°í, Á¦Ç°°ú ¼ºñ½º¿¡ ±¹ÇÑÇؼ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¤Àǵǰí ÀÖ´Ù.
(I) Quality is what the customer says. Quality is the satisfaction of needs and fitness to use, or conformance to requirements and specifications, which is judged by ultimately by the customers. Customers may be the final consumer, a merchant, a maintenance shop or a a down stream manufacturing operation process.
(ii) P.B.Crosby(1979): "Quality is conformance to requirements or specifications."
(iii) J.M. Juran(1974): "Quality is fitness for use."
Juran emphasizes that requirements and specifications translate fitness for use into measurable quantities. quality does not necessarily mean high quality, quality means uniformity, consistency, and conformity to a standard or specification.
(iv) ANSI/ASQC(1978): "Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or services that bear on its ability to satisfy given needs."
(v) A.V. Feigenbaum(1988): Product and service quality is defined as :
"The total composite product and service characteristics of marketing, engineering, manufature, andmaintenace through which the product and service in use will meet the expaectations of the customer." (Á¦Ç°°ú ¼ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í°´ÀÇ »ç¿ë»óÀÇ ±â´ë¸¦ ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°´Â ¼³°è ¹× Á¦Á¶, À¯Áö º¸¼ö ¹× ¸¶ÄÉÆÃÀÇ ÃÑü ¿¹: reliability, serviceability, maintainability: ½Å·Ú¼º, À¯Áöº¸Á¸¼º, ¼ºñ½º µî)
(4) Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò¿Í Ç°Áú Ư¼º ?
Á¦Ç°¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¼ÒºñÀÚ(»ç¿ëÀÚ) ´Â ¿©·¯°¡Áö ±â´ë¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù(expectations) . ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ë¸¦ »ý»êÀÚ°¡ ÆľÇÇÑ °ÍÀ» Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò(quality parameters)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼ÒµéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ¼³°è´Ü°è¿¡¼ ±¸ÇöµÇ¸ç, Á¦Ç°ÀÇ lifecycle µ¿¾È Æò°¡µÈ´Ù.
Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò(quality parameters)
- many input and output criteria.
- efficiency,
- reliability,
- maintainability,
- producibility,
- ease of use, safety
Ç°Áú Ư¼º(quality characteristics)
Ç°ÁúÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ̶õ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò º°·Î Ç°ÁúÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ´Þ¼ºÇÏ¿´´Â Áö¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ±â¼úÇÏ´Â ¼ºÁúÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ Ä¡¼ö, ÀçÁú, ¼ºÁú, »ö»ó, Áú°¨, ¿ë·®, µîÀ¸·Î¼ ¼öÄ¡ÈÇÏ¿© ±Ô°ÝÈÇÏ°í Ç¥ÁØÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò´Â Ç°Áú Ư¼ºÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ ¼³°èÇÏ°í ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í, °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Åë°èÀû Ç°Áú °ü¸®¿¡¼´Â Ç°ÁúÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ´Ù·é´Ù.
- ¹°¸®Àû Ä¡¼ö(dimension): ±æÀÌ, ¹«°Ô, ¿ë·®, ÀÎÀå°µµ
- °¨°¢Àû Ư¼º: ¸À, ³¿»õ, »ö»ó
- Áö°¢Àû Áö¼ö: ½Å·Úµµ, À¯Áöº¸Á¸¼º, À¯¿ë¼º (reliability, maintaainability, serviceability, availability)
- ±â´ÉÀû Áö¼ö: È¿À²¼º, È¿°ú¼º, ¼º´É (efficiency, effectiveness, performance, input, output)
Project #2
´ÙÀ½ Ç°Áú Ư¼ºÀº À§ÀÇ ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϴ°¡?
- ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ¿¬ºñ
- ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ¼Ó·Â
- Æó¼öó¸® ¼³ºñ°¡ ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Æó¼öÀÇ Á¾·ù
- ÇÁ·¹½º ±â°èÀÇ ºÐ´ç ÇÁ·¹½º Ƚ¼ö,
- ¿¤¸®º£ÀÌÅÍ °Ã¶ ¿ÍÀ̾îÀÇ °µµ,
(5)Ç°ÁúÀÇ 4°¡Áö ¿ä¼Ò
- ¼³°èÇ°Áú(Quality of design)
- Á¦Á¶Ç°Áú(Quality of production)
- »ç¿ëÇ°Áú(Quality of sales, uses and services)
- ºÎ´ëÇ°Áú(Quality of residual effects)
¼³°èÇ°ÁúÀ̶õ ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© Á¦Ç°À¸·Î ¼³°èÇÏ°í, Á¦Ç° ±âȹ, Ç°Áú±âȹ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ °áÁ¤µÇ´Â Á¦Ç°ÀÇ µî±Þ°ú Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû Ç°ÁúÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼³°èÇ°Áú¿¡¼ »ç¿ë¿¡ÀÇ ÀûÇÕ¼º(fitness for use)°¡ Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¸Å°³¿ä¼Ò·Î Æľǵǰí, ±×°ÍÀ» Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¿ä°ÇÀ̳ª ±Ô°ÝÀ¸·Î ÀüȯÇÏ¿© ¼³°èÇÏ°í ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ï´Ù.
¼³°è Ç°ÁúÀ» ³ôÀ̸é, Á¦Ç°ÀÇ µî±ÞÀº ¿Ã¶ó °¡°ÚÁö¸¸ Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Àüü °¡°ÝÀº »ó½ÂÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Á¦Á¶Ç°ÁúÀº ¼³°èÇ°Áú¿¡¼ Á¤ÇØÁø ±Ô°Ý(specification)ÀÌ Á¦Á¶°úÁ¤¿¡¼ Á¦Ç°¿¡ ÃæÁ·µÈ Á¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
»ç¿ëÇ°ÁúÀº À¯Çü ¹«ÇüÀÇ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ Àü´Þ(delivery)µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
ºÎ´ëÇ°ÁúÀº Á¦Ç°ÀÇ »ý»ê, »ç¿ë Æä±â °úÁ¤¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢, °£Á¢À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
(5)Ç°Áú ºñ¿ë(quality costs)
Ç°Áú¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀº Å©°Ô ¼¼°¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¹æºñ¿ë, Æò°¡ºñ¿ë, ½ÇÆкñ¿ë(³»Àû ½ÇÆкñ¿ë, ¿ÜÀû ½ÇÆкñ¿ë)
¿¹¹æºñ¿ë(preventive costs)Àº ¼³°èÇ°ÁúÀ» Á¦Á¶Ç°Áú¿¡ ±¸ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¦Á¶°úÁ¤ÀÇ Ãʱâ´Ü°è¿¡ ¼ö¹ÝµÇ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
Æò°¡ºñ¿ë(appraisal costs)Àº »ý»ê Á¦Ç°ÀÌ Á¤ÇØÁø ±Ô°Ý°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Áö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÃøÁ¤, Æò°¡, °Ë»çÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
½ÇÆкñ¿ë(failure costs)Àº ³»ºÎ ½ÇÆкñ¿ë°ú ¿ÜºÎ ½ÇÆкñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ³»ºÎ ½ÇÆÐ ºñ¿ëÀº Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ÆǸŠÀÌÀü¿¡ ºÎÀûÇÕÇÑ Àç·á, ºÎÇ°, ±â°è°íÀåÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Ç°Áú ½ÇÆзΠÀÎÇÑ ÀçÀÛ¾÷, ¼ö¼±, Æó±â, ¼±º° µî¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÜºÎ ½ÇÆкñ¿ëÀº Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÃâÇÏÇÑ ÈÄ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Á¦Ç° º¸Áõ, ¹«»ó ¼ö¸®, ¹Ýȯ, Ã¥ÀÓ ¼ö¸® µî¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
Project #3
¾Õ¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ (1) Ç°Áú¿¡ °üÇÑ »ç·Ê ÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ ±â¼úÀº À§ÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀÇ 4°¡Áö ¿ä¼Ò Áß ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ¹ÐÁ¢È÷ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î Àִ°¡? ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é Ç°Áúºñ¿ë Áß ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϴ°¡?
¿¹: À¯¸í ºê·£µå ƼÀÇ ¼Ò¸Å ±æÀÌ°¡ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥´Ù. (Á¦Á¶Ç°Áú, ¿ÜºÎ ½ÇÆÐ ºñ¿ë))
¼¼Å¹ÈÄ ¼Ò¸Å°¡ ÁÙ¾ú´Ù.( »ç¿ëÇ°Áú, Á¦Á¶ Ç°ÁúÀÇ ¿øÀÚÀç Ç°Áú, ¿ÜºÎ Ç°Áú ½ÇÆÐ ºñ¿ë)