| Openings | Åë°ú¹° |
| Mastoid foramen | emissary v. branch of occipital a. |
| Foramen magnum | cruciate lig. tectorial membrane medulla oblongata ant. spinal a. post. spinal a. inf. venous plexus accessory n. |
| Condylar canal | emissary v. branch of occipital a. |
| Hypoglossal canal | hypoglossal n. |
| Stylomastoid foramen | facial n. stylomastoid a. |
| Tympanomastoid fissure | |
| Jugular foramen | inf. petrosal sinus 9th, 10th, 11th cranial n. sigmoid sinus |
| Mastoid canaliculus | auricular branch of vagus n. |
| Ext. acoustic meatus | |
| Tympanic canaliculus | tympanic branch of glossophryngeal n. |
| Carotid canal | int. carotid a. & its plexus of v. sympathetic n. |
| Caroticotympanic canaliculi | tympanic branch of int. carotid a. sympathetic n. |
| Squamotympanic fissure | |
| Petrotympanic fissure | chorda tympani n. |
| Petrosquamous fissure | |
| Semi canal for auditory tube | auditory tube |
| Semi canal for tensor tympanic m. | tensor tympanic m. |
| Opening of chorda tympani n. | chorda tympani n. |
| Foramen lacerum | int. carotid a. & its plexus of v. sympathetic n. |
| Foramen spinosum | middle meningeal vessels meningeal branch of mandibular n. |
| Foramen ovale | mandibular n. accessory meningeal a. |
| Sphenovomerin canal | |
| Vomerovaginal canal | |
| Palatinovaginal canal | phryngeal n. & vessels |
| Pterygoid canal | vidian n. |
| Choanae | |
| Lesser palatine canal | lesser palatine n. & vessels |
| Greater palatine canal | greater palatine n. & vessels |
| Pterygomaxillary fissure | maxillary n. |
| Inf. orbital fissure | zygomatic n. |
| Alveolar foramina | post. & sup. alveolar n. |
| Zygomaticotemporal foramen | zygomaticotemporal n. & vessels |
| Infraorbital foramen | infraorbital n. & vessels |
| Incisive canal | nasopaltine n. Greater palatine a. |